LELTS Notes

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雅思笔记

R

题目对应文章内容顺序

题型 顺序？
选择 顺序
填空（段落概括） 个别答案乱序
填空（其他） 简答，句子填卡，表格填卡，笔记填空，流程图填空，示意图填空均顺序
配对 乱序
总体 跨题型不一定顺序

L: 听力

基础信息

考试时间30min+10填卡，共4*10问

题型

  • 信息表题
  • 分类比较表
  • 笔记填空
  • 单句填空
  • 简答填空
  • 分类配对
  • 单选多选
  • (地图流程)
场景 要点
租房住宿 房价水电煤价(数字)，地理位置，家具，花园，车库，厨房设施
旅行 度假地，娱乐内容，交通工具，住处，人数，价格，预定机票房价(细节)
购物 优缺点，价格，个人信息，专家意见
地理 地点，人名，气候，语言，当地主要产业，主要景点，优缺点
图书馆 办证所需材料，使用须知等
题号 场景类别
L1 日常活动
L2 新生入学
L3 选课，论文研究
L4 学术讲座: 野生动物，地理

信息表

人名

  1. 拼写
  • 大小写
  • 辨析l/o m/n t/s a/i/r
  • fullname (first-last, given-family, fore-sur)
  1. 名字格式

Title: Mr./Mrs./Miss/ Ms.(发音类Mizi)/Dr./Prof. + 姓氏

  1. 常见名字

默认考生会写

Kevin, Helen, Mike, John, Lee

日期

  • 英式: DD/MM/YY => 8th March, 2004
  • 美式: MM/DD/YY => March 8th, 2004

数字

纯数字:

  • Telephone number
  • Fax number
  • Account number
  • Credit card number

数字字母组合:

  • Driver’s license number
  • Passport number
  • Flight number
  • Membership number
  • Student ID number
  • Postcode

Tricks:

情况 方法
两个或三个数字重复 double/triple
0 o, zero, nought/naught
18003456000 800 => eight hundred, 6000 => six thousand, 其他逐个
电话 出现area code或country code必须加上

国籍

必须形容词形式 e.g. London => British |

受教育水平

Undergraduate => Postgraduate

教职

学院: faculty/department

主修

subject/major

考察频率

最常: Social/ Environment/ Science

不常: Crime/ Culture/ Language/ Celebrity

分类比较表

扫描横纵轴=>表格整体内容

听前: 根据已知信息=> 预判缺失信息

听时: => 定位未知信息 (顺序)

所听即所得。

注意点：

  • 题目要求(words&number count)&拼写规律
  • n. 单复数
  • v. 时态
  • adj. 比较级最高级(上下一致)

单句填空

  1. 获取背景
  2. 画出信号词=>预测词性
  3. 注意多个信息同时给出情况
  4. 注意：时间， 人名，数字，专有书写
  5. 首字母大写

信号词后置情况

  1. 被动 A include B => B is included in A
  2. 形容词结构 Excellent XX => I thought sth was excellent
  3. 介词+n. A+of/for/about/in/on/to+B= B A e.g. the habit of animals = animals habit

aaa’s xxx : aaa有生命

xxx of bbb : bbb无生命

key to

solution to

  1. 修饰词后置 goods made of aaa & bbb: The tech they introduced meant that metal and leather goods were produced …
  2. 位置拆分: xxx is header of ____? A: Yes she is in Computer center B: She is header now.

笔记填空

一般L3，L4，题材为lecture

所听即所得

信号词

  • 实词(adj. n. v.) or 其替换词
  • 逻辑关系
  • 转折
  • 顺序，序列
  • 解释
  • 因果

and/ in addition/ one more thing/ what’s more/ besides/ either/ also

too/ as well / moreover / together/ further more

for instance/ for example / such as / like = saying

likewise/ similary

Although/ by(in) contrast/ as a matter of fact/ nevertheless/ instead/ however/ otherwise/ while/ but / despite / on the contrary/ on the other hand / in spite of / whereas

顺序序列:
first/ in the first place/ first of all/ to begin with/ previously/ second/ then/ subsequently/ last but not least/ third/ in the middle/ after/ between/ before/ meanwhile/ after/ between/ before/ meanwhile/ until

for a start/ afterward/ finally/ for one thing/ for another

解释强调:
That is/ particular/ I mean/ namely/ especially/ actually/ specially/ equally/ in other words/ that is to say/ another way of saying

因果关系->(果)
as a result/ therefore/ so/ for this reason/ consquently/ thus/ because of / for / since

总结
as a result in short/ in sum/ on the whole/ in concluction/ in brief/ to conclude/ in a word/ to sum up/ to summarize/ altogether/ finally/ consequently/ thus/ therefore/ overall

预示关键信息到来
What I mean is xxx / and I will xxx / before I move on to xxx / no. sorry

场景词(图书馆+论文)

  • questionaire 问卷/调查对象
  • wording 措辞
  • response rate 回收率
  • car park = parking lot = 停车场
  • respondents 调查对象

身体部位:
skin/ fur/ feather/ quill/ hair/ wing/ claw/ hoof/ paw/ front feet/ back leg/ muscle/ lip/ membrane(膜)/ beak/ nose hole= nostril/ neck/ back/ skull/ skeleton/ tail/ bladder(膀胱) / scale(鳞片)/ nail

prevent from predator/ prey/ squirrel松鼠/ squid乌贼/ raccoon狸

maintain the group/unity

camouflage

feed/breed offsprings

move underground

adapt to harsh env

简答

who/when/where/what/why

分类配对

  • 题干展开
  • 选项展开

不要忽略I agree with/ it is the same as …

地图流程题

单选/多选

L2/L3

  • 补全式选择
  • 问答式选择

选项

  • 短: 只需比较之间相同与不同之处做纵向扫描
  • 长: 至少把最长选项划出核心词

原则
顺序: 最后一个往往正确
同性相斥: 俩同一概念则都不正确
陌生词汇: 陌生词汇往往不是答案
绝对性: only must只要注意材料里有没有绝对判断，往往不是答案
最近答案: 不要看到选项文字一致就选择，答案往往是同义表达(trap)。

陷阱

  • v. n. 替换
  • 形容词 副词 替换

数字替换

  • a quarter = 25% = 1/4 = 15min = 3month
  • in the 1980s = in the 20th centry
  • fortnight = 14d = 2week
  • couple = 2
  • dozen = 12
  • decade = 10y
  • century = 100y
  • 1980s = 1980~1989

同义词，同义词组 替换

  • approach => method
  • assistance => help
  • travel => goto
  • A rather than B => prefer A to B

句式转换

  • 双重否定 => 肯定
  • 主动 => 被动

fee => charge
permit => allow
scientist => reseacher
disadv => downside
sign => dication

S: 口语

S1

It is important to do … for undergraduate

How + adj + 主 + 谓 => How excited we are

be disappointed at

whether to do (or not)

look forwarding to doing

insist on doing/ sth/ one’s doing

He insists on our accepting the xxx

  • hear sb. doing
  • find sb. done

sth 介词短语 in order 处于状态

类型

  • 喜好
  • 个人习惯
  • 个人偏好
  • 比较
  • 观点
  • 解释
  • 未来计划
  • 大群体问题
  • 问题解决方案
  • 引子（引导）

WH: sb. do sth + 人 + 时 + 地 + 目的

I always go swimming when I have free time on local swimming stadium to practice my swimming rings

喜好

  • I like
  • I’m really into
  • I’m fond of
  • I enjoy

人的需求(meet)

  • social needs
  • material/phyical needs
  • spritual needs

套路：

  1. Although:

[direct answer] + although 反面 + I still like xxx bacause xxx

  1. Direct answer + e.g. (swimming) + WH (I always …)
  2. Direct answer (dislike) + 反面opinion + bad experience

Usually 通常题

问法

  • usually/like to do during xxx
  • how do you spend during xxx

套路

  1. 时间利用型
    Sometimes WH1; Other times WH2

  2. 分类讨论型
    It depends, if xxx then I will xxxx; but if yyy, then I will yyyy

频率题

  • low often
  • everyday
  • weekly/once a week
  • annally/once a year

套路

  1. (经常) I do sth a lot + e.g.(细分种类) + WH

个人偏好

Do you prefer A or B

like A or B

which better A or B

套路:
I would prefer A over B because xxxA√ whereas xxxB√ but

比较

  1. A & B difference

What are the difference between A & B

please compare A and B

Do you think A & B feel the same about sth

套路
Compared to A, B is xxx for example yyy. On the other hand, A is xxx for example yyy (xxx必须为同一点)

  1. past/present comperesion

difference between sth in past and now

套路
In the past, [Topic] was xxx for example , but after a few years, [Topic] started, xxx and now it is xxx

观点

Do you think sth is good / necessary

What is the benefits of sth

Would you say its good for someone to do sth

套路

  • [direct answer] + 正面opinion + although + 反面opinion
  • [direct answer] + 客观opinion + 个人经历

万能观点

  1. 便宜
  2. 方便
  3. 交友 their custom cultures and histories share th same love for xxx
  4. 放松 xxx can help me relax and relieve the pressure from work and study (after a day’s hard work) I feel like my fatigue stress and depress are gone.

万能句型

  1. xxx can enhance someone’s xxx, becasue …

enhance => cultivate => develop => improve => build up

技能
hands on skill/ independent

运动
physical ability/ coordination skill

艺术
artistic/creativity talent/taste

文艺
mental develop/ knowledge of xxx

social skills/ teamwork ability/ sense of responsibility

  1. xxx keeps someone posted(了解) about the xxx(文化传播类)

  2. xxx helps someone get a better picture of xxx

  3. xxx brings someone sth(convenient/ happiness/ sense of achievement/ relaxation)

  4. xxx is good/bad for someone’s sth(health/ growth/ future development/ career/ studies)

  5. xxx has a positive/negitive influence/effect on xxx

  6. xxx is a good way to express someone’s 某种心情(emotions/ love/ care/ respect/ gratitude(谢意)/ passion)

  7. xxx add spice(给生活加乐趣) to someone’s life

  8. xxx is a necessary part of life

  9. xxx can fulfill people’s 某需求(spirtual/material/physical/social/curiosity needs)

人物类

  1. 家人/老师 某次没考好=> frustrated => 鸡汤 => 总结

  2. 名人

  3. 外表描述

地点类

  • 风景
  • 放松
  • 室内装修

树: birch 桦 maple 枫 ork 橡 pine 松 willow 柳 carnation 康乃馨 tulip 郁金香 lotus 莲 Yellowstone

Academy => art school

物品类

事件/媒体

-> 运动

agility 柔韧性

vital capacity 肺活量

  • 好处
  • 危险项目
  • 经过

natatorium = swimming stadium

风景

spendid sights

skyscrapers

it has improve effiency

choose to live

spacious

friend in need is a friend indeed

university

characteristic (|k|)

stay up late at night 熬夜

refresh my mind

be refreshed and energetic

  • Shanghai Tower
  • The Oriental Pearl Radio & TV Tower
  • Global Center
  • The Tower of World Trade Center
  • CBD - Central Business District

have a face-to-face communication with sb

have a quickj bite 边走边啃

intimate亲密的

Novel

  • classic
  • Romance
  • Horror
  • Detective
  • science-fiction
  • auto-biography 自传

Movie

  • classic
  • Romance
  • Thriller
  • Detective
  • science movie
  • auto-biography 自传
  • action

fight against xxx and protect xxx, try to make a living

enrich vocal

Edu

tedious 繁重的

fax

online course

distract走神 = absent-mind

nearsighted 近视

cervical problem 颈椎病

unchecked infomation

plot情节

tell right分辨是非

campus bullying 校园霸凌

S3

  • 校园学习
  • 教育
  • 环保

校园学习

小组讨论/辩论好处

CN:

  • lecture
  • tutorial

US:

  • seminar
  • group discussion/ debate
  • presentation
  • case study
  • role play

教育 carmming 填鸭式 priority

擅长 be gifted for/ talented in/ skilled in

(diff 后加复数)
diff stu have diff talents, some xxx, some yyy

Art = painting music instument sports gymnastics(体操)

环保

  • 污染现状
  • 措施
  • 种树

现状

  • water
  • air
  • pollution
  • soil
  • light
  • noise

encourage 滋生

greenhouse effect

gases: carbon dioxide/ mathane/ ozone

haze雾霾(smog)

措施

  • 个人
  • 政府: enact/introduce 颁布

解释

Why …

  • 大群体问题 we …
  • 问题解决方案
  • 比较

Why … ?

套路

  1. one of the main reasons is that that … and also …
  2. Firstly I think it is coz … and also …

2 reason * 2 sentences

For starters, xxx. Plus/More importantly

未来计划plan

大群体:

套路

  1. people 喜欢/习惯 xxx for example xxx. On the other hand, xxx people 喜欢/习惯 xxx for example xxx.

  2. Most people xxx for example xxx , but personally speaking I think [对大群体做出批判] so I xxxx (特例)

解决方案:

How … / Advise for …

套路

  1. As a xxx, xxx. As a xxx, xxx. (2*solution)
  2. It would really be helpful if sb. did sth, you know right now, [现状], so if someone did sth(深层次拓展solution), [问题如何得到解决]

引子

  • Do you have …
  • Do you know …
  • Do you have done xxx before …

S3

  • 风景
  • 室内装修
  • 人物
  • 运动
  • 科技
  • 工作
  • 小说
  • 电影
  • 艺术

风景

as beautiful as a picture => picturesque (如画的)

attraction scenic spot

birch 桦 tulip 郁金香

around the lake

live a xxx life

go for a sightseeing

interior design/decoration 室内设计

patio umbrella set 遮阳伞下桌椅 = outdoor

well-furnished

sun-shading

运动

  • play + 球类
  • go + ving
  • do + 非老外原生运动

发音

暂略

W: 写作

基础信息

W1

20min写150，建议不超过180

段落分布

  1. Intro
  2. Summary
  3. Body1
  4. Body2

Intro

  1. Type- line graph, pie chart, bar chart, table
  2. give/show/illurstrate/display/compare info about …
  3. 限定词from 1980 to 2030, between 1xxx and 1yyy, from the year until aaaa, over a period of 50y

e.g. C9-T1-W1

The line graph illurstrates consumption of energy of the USA from a 2008 report between 1980 and 2030.

Summary

  • It is clear that
  • We can clear see that
  • Overall

TA(task achievement):

  • list figures -> 多组数据优先考虑最大值
  • compare figures
  • report figures -> general trend + the most obvious features

CC(cohesion and coherence):

  • 显性: conversely/ by contrast/ on the other hand/ (不用however)
  • 隐性: likewise/ similarly/ also

e.g.

29m ton petrol was consumed in 1980, this figure rose to 90m tons

followed by Solar energy(12m ton)

half of which was Solar energy

as much as Solar energy

followed by a rise of 12m tons in 2000

LR(Lexical resources):

  • rise/ increase/ grow/ ascend (rose/ increased/ grew/ ascended)
  • fall/ drop/ decrease/ dip(fell/ dropped/ decreased/ dipped)
  • Dramatically/ sharply/ hugely
  • Slightly/ gradually/ slowly

GRA(Grammatical range and accuary):

  • Introduction+summary -> present tense
  • Body (1980xxx) -> past tense
  • Body (2030xxx) -> future tense
  • Body (no time) -> present tense

趋势类动词句式:

  • xxx increase to 20% in 1990
  • , reaching 20%
  • , with a peak at 20%
  • xxx decrease, with a bottom at 20%
  • xxx increase, from 20% in 1990 to 30% in 2000
  • xxx increased by 20 % in 2000

趋势类名词句式:

  • rise/ increase/ growth
  • fall/ decrease/ drop
  • soar/ plunge

xxx experience(witness/ saw) an increase(rise/ growth) in yyyyy

错误: xxx had an increase
正确: had an upword
  • to/with a peak at 20%
  • reaching 20%
  • see an increase in xxx of yyy
  • see an increase of xxx in yyy

趋势（预测）

  • will be expected to

  • will be thought

  • be predicted to

    错误: saw an increase for
    正确: saw an increase in

粗略性表达:

About/ approximately/ generally/ nearly

  • 4.9% => just under 5%
  • 5.1% => just over
  • 98% => the majority(priority)
  • 25% => one quarter

百分比下的单复数

  • 30% of student achieve a high score
  • 30% of water comes from sea

句式的改写

  1. 35% of xxx was consumed, followed by/compared to xxx
  2. xxx saw an increase in consumption of xxx had the largest consumption, at xxx
  3. xxx equaled 45 xxx
  4. xxx be equal to 45 xxx
  5. xxx be as much/many as xxx

6.5以上，要求each sentence is new

  • old people => elder people => people aged 65+
  • v+adv => adj+n
  • The figure for xxx = the contribution of xxx

Pie chart的重要表述: 占据

  • account(v.) for
  • make up
  • represent 5% of the total/totality

Pie chart中的最显著特征: 最大面积

静态图

summary:

  1. 极值 especially xxx

A大， B小。 剩下such dramatic differences are not seen when we compare the figure for xxx

个体过多(>=3) => 描述最中之最 less (<12%) -> least at 5% xxx in xxx

波动:
It fluctuated (and repeat), from the highest of xxx in 1990 to the lowest of xxx in 2000

It rose from xxx in 1990 to xxx in 2000

工艺流程图

Flow chart intro + summary

The diagram illurstrates the way in which xxx is produced by xxx

It is clear that the whole process consists of (1/2/3) stages, including A B and C

It is clear that the whole process involves xxx stages

Body(全被动):

Beginning with the first stage, called xxx, [detail1], when it comes to the second stage, [detail2]

Then => , before => , followed by => , after which => . At that time, => , at which time => which is in order to ensure/gurantee that …

最后
xxx will be delivered to xxx

俩流程时需要做出比较

Alternatives

It is clear that although xxx, it saw a decrease xxx

Body2 开头

Regarding xxx, 

With the respect to/Enperienced the less main reason, they xxx

xxx rose, before falling to 5% == xxx rose and then fall xxx = After rising to 6%, this figure fell to 5%

错误记录

错误情况 正确
the figure of the figure for
xxx. Then xxx 改用,after xxx/,compared to xxx/, followed by (a rise to 40…)
占大多数描述方式过少 take the majority. the proportion of xxx was the largest. take the largest share
句式不全面 -ing/-ed, clause(条件约束), There be, v.->n., positive->active
同时写两个不分开 A and B xxx respectively. the absence of Shaun Derry and Adel Taarabt because of illness and injury respectively.
占据用词过少 occupy = account for … of the (total) / represent/ constitude
句子之间连贯性不足 Regrading …/ … is used for … / compared to … / … for …
表达都高 Both rank first
贼少 merely 2%
百分比表述 with % of / at %
数字表达过多 用背后含义表述(e.g. 人口百分比->人数)，数->量/concept, percentage => frequency.
then 不能用作连词 ,and then => , before …

采分点

  • v. n. 趋势 in …
  • 被动×1; 主动×1
  • 分词(ing×1,过去分词×1)
  • 介词短语
  • 从句(让步状语，定语从句，时间状语从句)
  • There be

地图题

The map illustrates the layout of xxx in yyyy and its development in yyyy

It is clear that xxx change considerablly and xxx main features can be seen. During the development, some facilities are available to visitors.

Body Types:

  • Imporovement: expansion + addition + reduction
  • Relocation: e.g. Western -> Eastern
  • Function: eduactional xxx

sentence pattern

  • be built
  • be added
  • be established
  • be constructed

junction 十字路口/ three branches

be replaced by = be deminished in order to

onthe either side = on both side

be expanded/ extended/ enlarged

be reduced in size

The reduction of school is in order to make way for xxx

expansion/extension

run/go from … to … 延伸: e.g. the road goes from east to west. The road goes from the main entrance to the xxx

link with

branch(split) off from

accomodation un./ equipment un./ studio -> studios

W2

40min写250，建议不超过300

_____ it means that _____, such as _____ , _____ and _____ . In addition, __________ . In fact, __________ , for instance _______________

On the other hand, __________, which means __________ . For example, __________ . Moreover, __________ such as _____ , _____ and _____.

Best => +可替换方案

salary 可数-> salaries

such as / including …

abundant fund

cram xxx into

intensive courses = lots of courses

arouse interest

结构

陈述段
Topic sentence + explaination + examples / Topic sentence + examples + explaination

题型+最终奥义

  1. both views => agree 1, agree 2, my opinion
  2. agree/disagree => agree reason 1, agree reason 2, disagree 3 but agree.
  3. advantage overweigh disadv? 如上
  4. Reasons? Solution. => (Reason1 + Reason2) + (Sol1 + Sol2)
  5. Reasons? Pos/Neg? => (Reason1 + Reason2) + (Pos1 + Pos2)
  6. Solutions? => S1 + S2 + S3